… a peripherally restricted opioid receptor … opioids by colitogenic CD4 + T cells present in the
mucosa. This mini‐review provides a brief overview of analgesia by immune‐derived opioids …

… secrete opioids in a paracrine manner. This review will provide novel insight into the peripheral
mechanisms of immune-derived … peripheral antinociception (1). Therefore, the release of …

… In contrast to the modulation of opioid antinociception by … opioid-induced lethality (suggesting
no alterations in opioid-… the effects of immune-derived EOPs at central or peripheral levels (…

… to CB1r results in antinociception by activation of descending antinociceptive pathways and
… effects of opioids on immune function, however, the exact mechanism by which opioids mod…

… disrupt the analgesic effects of opioid drugs by contributing to the … , and immune-derived
molecules, or when opioids induce … in managing pain signaling and opioid efficacy beyond the …

… In this review, we discuss the influence of either opioids or non-opioid analgesics used
under opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) on the immune response to surgical stress as described in …

… pathways play a role in intrinsic pain inhibition, with central opioid receptors taking … ,
antinociception is solely mediated by immune-derived opioid peptides that activate peripheral opioid …

… Immune-derived mediators resolving pain The first evidence of immune-derived mediators …
-nociceptive effects through μ, δ or κ opioid receptors expressed by sensory neurons [137]. An …

… PEA acts on many cell types, including immune-derived non-… The notion that the
endocannabinoid and opioid systems are … in peripheral anti-nociception produced by μ-, κ- or …

… opioid receptors by exogenous or endogenous opioids can produce significant analgesic
effects in peripheral … of peripheral opioid receptors (PORs) and endogenous opioid peptides (…